Apache - .htaccess
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Htaccess (HyperText Access) is a configuration file that allows developers to overide the Apache webserver configuration at directory level.
Enable .htaccess
By default .htaccess is not enable, we have to change in httpd.conf (Apache) configuration file to for enable .htaccess
Replace AllowOverride None to AllowOverride All
Example:
1<Directory /var/www/html/example.com/public_html>
2 Options Indexes FollowSymLinks
3 AllowOverride All
4 Require all granted
5</Directory>
Common Uses of .htaccess
Mod_Rewrite
- Authentication
- Custom Error Pages
- Mime Types
- SSI (
Server Side Includes
)
Mod_Rewrite
Mod_rewrite module is use for rule-based rewrite engine, based on Perl Compatible Regular Expressions. All the URL rewrite commands follow the below pattern
RewriteRule Pattern Substitution [OptionalFlags]
Example:
1RewriteRule ^products/([A-Za-z0-9-]+)/?$ results.php?products=$1 [NC]
Some useful Snippets
Disable or Enable Directory browsing
1# disable directory browsing
2Options All -Indexes
3# enable directory browsing
4Options All +Indexes
Change index file
1DirectoryIndex index.html index.cgi index.php
Remove www in Your URL
1RewriteEngine On
2RewriteBase /
3RewriteCond %{HTTP_HOST} ^www.anandvyas.in [NC]
4RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://anandvyas.in/$1 [L,R=301]
Redirect Browser to https
1RewriteEngine On
2RewriteCond %{HTTPS} !on
3RewriteRule (.*) https://%{HTTP_HOST}%{REQUEST_URI}
Force “File Save As” means to have force user to download file, not see in the browser
1AddType application/octet-stream .avi .mpg .mov .pdf .xls .mp4
Redirect mobile and tablets on different folders
1RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*iPad.*$
2RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://anandvyas.in/folderfortablets [R=301]
3RewriteCond %{HTTP_USER_AGENT} ^.*Android.*$
4RewriteRule ^(.*)$ http://anandvyas.in/folderfortablets [R=301]
301 Permanent Redirects
1Redirect 301 /olddirectory/file.html http://www.anandvyas.in/newdirectory/file.html
Browser Cache
1# 1 WEEK 1 DAY
2<filesMatch “.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|swf|ico)$”>
3 Header set Cache-Control “max-age=691200, public”
4</filesMatch>
5
6<filesMatch “.(xml|txt|js)$”>
7 Header set Cache-Control “max-age=691200, proxy-revalidate”
8</filesMatch>
9
10<filesMatch “.(html|htm|css|php)$”>
11 Header set Cache-Control “max-age=691200, private, proxy-revalidate”
12</filesMatch>
Gzip Compression
1# compress text, HTML, JavaScript, CSS, and XML
2AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/plain
3AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/html
4AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/xml
5AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE text/css
6AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xml
7AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/xhtml+xml
8AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/rss+xml
9AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/javascript
10AddOutputFilterByType DEFLATE application/x-javascript
Browser specific Compression
1BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4 gzip-only-text/html
2BrowserMatch ^Mozilla/4\.0[678] no-gzip
3BrowserMatch \bMSIE !no-gzip !gzip-only-text/html